Find computer name from IP

NSLOOKUP <pcname>
NSLOOKUP <IP>
PING <pcname>
PING -A <IP>
NBTSTAT -A <IP>
IPCONFIG /all
NET view /domain:[domain name]> c:\somefile.txt
Where [domain name] is the name of the domain you want to search and somefile.txt is the name of the file to contain the output. 
This will generate a list of every machine and who is logged in. 

http://www.whatismyip.com/

http://www.myiptest.com/
Access computers by IP addresses, but not by Computer Name
http://social.technet.microsoft.com/Forums/windows/en-US/f82b747e-6711-418b-9b6f-317223daa2dc/access-computers-by-ip-addresses-but-not-by-computer-name 

mstsc (Remote Desktop Connection)

Example:

• mstsc /v: /admin /f /span
• mstsc /v: /admin /w:800 /h:600 /public

 

Parameter	Description
<Connection File>	Specifies the name of an .rdp file for the connection.
/v:<Server[:<Port>]	Specifies the remote computer and, optionally, the port number to which you want to connect.
/admin	Connects you to a session for administering the server.
/f	Starts Remote Desktop Connection in full-screen mode.
/w:<Width>	Specifies the width of the Remote Desktop window.
/h:<Height>	Specifies the height of the Remote Desktop window.
/public	Runs Remote Desktop in public mode. In public mode, passwords and bitmaps are not cached.
/span	Matches the Remote Desktop width and height with the local virtual desktop, spanning across multiple monitors if necessary.
/edit <Connection File>	Opens the specified .rdp file for editing.
/migrate	Migrates legacy connection files that were created with Client Connection Manager to new .rdp connection files.
/?	Displays help at the command prompt.

 

mstsc - Remote Desktop Connection

mstsc.exe [<Connection File>] [/v:<Server>[:<Port>]] [/admin] [/f] [/w:<Width> /h:<Height>] [/public] [/span] [/?]

mstsc /v: /admin /f /span

mstsc /v: /admin /w:800 /h:600 /public

Parameter	Description
<Connection File>	Specifies the name of an .rdp file for the connection.
/v:<Server[:<Port>]	Specifies the remote computer and, optionally, the port number to which you want to connect.
/admin	Connects you to a session for administering the server.
/f	Starts Remote Desktop Connection in full-screen mode.
/w:<Width>	Specifies the width of the Remote Desktop window.
/h:<Height>	Specifies the height of the Remote Desktop window.
/public	Runs Remote Desktop in public mode. In public mode, passwords and bitmaps are not cached.
/span	Matches the Remote Desktop width and height with the local virtual desktop, spanning   across multiple monitors if necessary.
/edit <Connection File>	Opens the specified .rdp file for editing.
/migrate	Migrates legacy connection files that were created with Client Connection Manager to new .rdp connection files.
/?	Displays help at the command prompt.